What type of agreement allows a property owner to cross another's property without ownership?

An easement in gross is the type of agreement that allows a property owner to cross another person's property without any ownership of that land. This type of easement is granted for the benefit of a specific individual or entity, rather than benefiting a particular parcel of land. Easements in gross are often used for utilities or other purposes where the easement holder has a right to use the land, but there is no adjacent property owned by the easement holder.

In contrast, an appurtenant easement involves two pieces of property, where one property benefits from the easement over another parcel of land. A voluntary lien relates to a financial claim against a property, often for purposes like securing a loan, while a life estate grants ownership rights for the duration of a person's life but does not pertain to the right of passage across another's property. Each of these options serves a different purpose and function in real estate law, clarifying why the easement in gross is the correct choice for this question.